Apisectomy
The root (apex) is removed surgically together with a surrounding cystic inflammation – this is called apisectomy. This procedure is generally performed, if the root canal is not negotiable, for whatever reasons;, or the infection is that extensive that it cannot be treated through the root canal or only with extreme difficulty.
This type of therapy is increasingly less common in modern endodontology, but still has its place in dentistry. The defects from the access cavities are becoming smaller with more precise surgical techniques.